Mbilima Women’s Coffee Organic
Bright and juicy, with yellow peach, grapefruit and brown sugar. Black tea and cocoa on the finish.
This special microlot was produced using cherry grown by 60 women farmers who own small farms in the hills surrounding Mbilima washing station, one of three washing stations owned by the Dukunde Kawa Cooperative. Mbilima is located close to the town of Musasa, in the Coko Sector of Gakenke District, in Rwanda’s mountainous Northern Province. Typically, farms in this area are very small – averaging just a quarter of a hectare – and are situated between 1,800 to 2,100 meters above sea level. Coffee is grown as a cash crop, alongside subsistence food crops like maize, beans and sorghum and some livestock like goats, chickens and sometimes cows.
Many of the women who contributed to this lot are also members of Rambagirakawa, a women’s alliance within Dukunde Kawa that was formed to advocate for support and resources for female coffee producers. Through collaboration with both Rambagirakawa and international buyers, Dukunde Kawa has assisted the women in processing and marketing their coffees as a separated ‘Women’s Coffee’ lot, which earns them an additional bonus payment on top of the quality premium all cooperative members receive. To distinguish their coffee and ensure it is processed separately, the women have organised to deliver cherry to the washing station on certain days of the week. While this lot was processed at Mbilima washing station, members of Rambagirakawa may also deliver to its sister washing stations, Ruli and Nkara, depending on where they live.
Established in 2012, Rambagirakawa is one of Dukunde Kawa’s most inspiring success stories. The association was founded by Odette Murekatete, who hoped to band the co-op’s women together to have a louder voice within Dukunde Kawa. Many of Rambagirakawa’s founding members were widowed by the 1994 genocide and already relied upon each other for farming and financial advice — by initiating an official association within the cooperative, they widened their reach and secured ongoing funding for their projects. The result is an empowered and ambitious alliance of women, whose ever-expanding activities focus on creating opportunity and success for the women and children in their community.
The group is open to all of the female members of Dukunde Kawa and has grown to 304 members. Besides selling their coffees as separated lots, members have wholeheartedly pursued additional income opportunities, like basket weaving and embroidery, to develop greater economic independence. The funds generated by the sale of these crafts are significant, and have become one of the co-op’s five main sources of income. Using their share of the profits generated, around half of Rambagirakawa’s members have been able to undertake upgrades to their homes, while most members have also invested them in the education of their children and grandchildren.
Outside of coffee, the women regularly come together socially for other projects and many have developed greater confidence within the cooperative and the community at large as a result. For example, the team of dancers and singers who welcome us to Dukunde Kawa every year, work on the songs and routines in the weeks leading up to the period when most coffee buyers visit. Over the years, they have become quite well-known in the region of Ruli, and have even been invited to perform at official ceremonies in town. Over the years, the routines have become more intricate and complex, yet the smiles and joy we witness have never felt forced. When we mentioned this to the troupe’s leader (also named Odette, Odette Mukeshimana) on our most recent trip, she agreed with our sentiment and told us it’s because when performing she’s “manifesting happiness for herself and she expresses it through dance.”
ABOUT MBILIMA WASHING STATION
Mbilima was built in 2005 using the profits earned from Dukunde Kawa’s first washing station, Ruli. The site sits at a staggeringly high 2,070 metres above sea level, making it Dukunde Kawa’s highest washing station. By Rwandan standards, it is quite a small washing station, servicing a total of 874 growers (643 men, 231 women) in the area. Day-to-day operations at Mbilima are overseen by Jean Bosco Habimana, who began working at the site when it was being constructed in 2004 and has been the washing station’s manager since 2012, while QC is headed by Agnes Mushimiyimana. Alongside Jean Bosco and Agnes, Mbilima employs two other permanent staff and 53 seasonal workers during the harvest – of whom 95% are women.
Mbilima washing station is 100% organic, Rainforest Alliance certified, UTZ certified, and Fair Trade certified. Jean Bosco explained that becoming certified was extremely useful in formalising and documenting a lot of things that the cooperative was already doing. “It helped us to better the lives of our producers and quality of our coffee. It’ was a lot of work to get the certifications,” he explained, “but it also made us realise how many positive things we were already doing. The certifications reinforce this.” Because all lots processed at Mbilima are organic, they are dry milled and stored separately.
While the site received organic certification in 2018, the lengthy process began in 2015. Dukunde Kawa wanted to operate one of their washing stations using organic practices and, after consulting with local farmers, they decided on Mbilima. The transition required a lot of work and created challenges for farmers, who initially experienced decreased yields after they stopped using synthetic fertilisers. After a couple of years, however, they began to realise that while volumes stayed the same, their trees were significantly healthier after the harvest (whereas under synthetic fertilisation, they would wither and “dry up” after cherry was picked) — leading to greater stability in the crop produced.
The farmers who deliver to Mbilima are now firm believers in the benefits of organic production and certification. Certification is free for the producer, with Dukunde Kawa covering all costs associated with the program (including surveyors who inspect participating farms on regular intervals), and offering an additional premium at the same time as the standard second payment. By committing to the program, farmers must cease all use of synthetic fertiliser — not just from coffee plots, but from the entire farm — a transition that Dukunde Kawa supports by sending trainers to the farms and providing further education. Since the co-op first launched the initiative, the number of enrolled producers has grown by nearly 25% — proof that in the long run, the benefits outweigh the initial difficulties experienced.
Site manager Jean Bosco has personally seen the benefits of organic farming at his own plot of land, as he also grows coffee and delivers to Mbilima. On our most recent trip to the region, we stopped by Habimana’s home, where he lives with wife Emerthe and his four children. Walking up to the property we first saw the couple’s beautiful front garden, which includes a few coffee trees, along with pumpkin and squash (which also provide excellent ground cover) for consumption and herbs that are used in the kitchen. Jean Bosco was thrilled to hear how much coffees processed at Mbilima were enjoyed in Australia, and assured us that “coffee will be still here, we will keep producing good quality and good volume for you. And we are happy that they are appreciating the quality that we are serving them.”
Head here to learn more about the work of Dukunde Kawa in Rwanda.
PROCESSING AT MBILIMA WASHING STATION
The team at Dukunde Kawa takes a huge amount of care in processing its coffee. All members of the cooperative are trained to only select ripe coffee cherries from their trees.
- On delivery, the cherries are inspected and sorted by hand to ensure only the very ripest cherries are processed. Farmers do the selecting, and receive the highest income from the ripest, healthier fruit. The remainder of their crop still gets purchased by the co-op, at a lower price, to be processed and sold for the internal market.
- Cherry is then sorted by weight (and any floaters are removed) by a Pinhalense machine that the washing station staff affectionately have named the ‘Umupolisi’ (police person). By using a machine, rather than a clerk, Dukunde Kawa are more transparent with contributing growers about which fruit gets processed. Coffee is then pulped on the same day – usually in the evening – using a mechanical pulper that divides the beans into three grades by weight, with the heaviest, A1, usually having the highest cup quality.
- After pulping, the coffee is pre-washed and fermented overnight for around 12–18 hours and then graded again using floatation channels that sort the coffee by weight. The wet parchment is the washed a second time and left to ferment for a further six hours — with the goal of removing as much mucilage as possible without using machinery that may accidentally crush or damage the beans.
Coffee cherries being soaked at Mbilima Washing Station 
Isobelle Mujawamalita, carefully sorting coffee drying in the sun at Mbilima washing station
- As with most washing stations in Rwanda, women do the majority of hand-sorting. This takes place in two stages – on the covered pre-drying tables and on the drying tables. Washed beans are moved from the wet fermentation tanks onto the pre-drying tables, where they are intensively ‘wet sorted’ under shade for four hours. The idea is that greens (unripe beans) are still visible when the beans are damp, while the roofs over the tables protect the beans from the direct sunlight.
- Next, the beans are moved onto the washing station’s extensive raised drying tables (‘African beds’) for around two weeks, where they are sorted again for defects, turned regularly and protected from rain and the midday sun by covers, ensuring both even drying and the removal of any damaged or defective beans. During this period the coffee is also turned several times a day by hand to ensure the coffee dries evenly and consistently.
- After reaching 11-12% humidity, the coffee is then transported to Dukunde Kawa’s purpose-built warehouse prior to final dry-milling and hand sorting at the cooperative’s dry mill.
- Located in Ruli, Dukunde Kawa’s dry mill has the capacity to process one full container of coffee a day — and combines the use of technology with meticulous hand sorting to ensure only the best beans are bagged. Before being loaded for export, Rwanda’s National Agricultural Export Development Board also inspects and samples the prepped parchment.
Jean Bosco Mugiraneza manages operations at Dukunde Kawa’s dry mill in Ruli. 
Coffee parchment being weighed and stored at Ruli’s onsite dry mill
WHY WE LOVE IT
Coffees from this area are sweet and complex, with exceptional character. We love supporting the women of Mbilima washing station by featuring their coffee as a separate lot. This year’s lot is bright and juicy, with yellow peach, grapefruit and brown sugar notes.
We feel so lucky to work with Dukunde Kawa. When we first started working with the cooperative over a decade ago, the president at the time, Anastase Minani, explained that their goal was to be the very best cooperative in Rwanda. We think they’re well on their way to achieving this goal, and we are excited to have shared this journey with them.
